When someone is breathing naturally, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a type of positive airway pressure where air flow is injected into the airways to maintain a continuous pressure to continuously stent the airways open. PEEP, or positive end-expiratory pressure, is the pressure in the alveoli at the end of expiration that is higher than atmospheric pressure.
PEEP can be administered with CPAP, which likewise keeps the target pressure constant during the entire breathing cycle, including both inspiration and expiration. Water pressure is measured in centimeters (cm H2O). Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), as contrast to CPAP, delivers a different amount of pressure depending on whether the patient is inhaling or exhaling. Expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) and inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) are the names for these pressures (EPAP). In CPAP, no additional pressure is applied over the predetermined amount, and patients must start every breath on their own.
CPAP therapy improves oxygenation by sustaining PEEP, lowering atelectasis, increasing alveolar surface area, and bettering V/Q matching. Although CPAP alone is frequently not sufficient for supporting ventilation, non-invasive ventilation requires extra pressure support during inspiration (IPAP on BiPAP), it can also indirectly help with ventilation.
How Does a CPAP Device Work?
The compressor (motor) of a CPAP machine produces a steady stream of pressured air that passes through an air filter and into a flexible tube. Purified air is delivered through this tube into a mask that is sealed over the mouth or nose.
The CPAP machine’s airstream pushes against any obstructions in the person’s airways while they sleep, clearing them so their lungs can get plenty of oxygen.
Their breathing doesn’t stop since nothing is blocking this oxygen flow. They don’t repeatedly wake up to start breathing again as a result.
Are There Different Types of CPAP Devices?
The same fundamental parts are found in all CPAP machines:
- An internal motor in the basic unit
- A padded mask
- A tube extending from the motor to the mask
- A headgear framework
- Jointing “elbow”-shaped components
- Adjustable bands that let users alter how the device fits
Different Mask Types
With different CPAP machines, mask designs might change. Depending on their breathing patterns, how comfortable the mask is for them to wear, and the sort of sleep apnea disease they have, people wear different types of masks.
The following are some examples of the various CPAP mask varieties:
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Nasal pillow mask
A little cushion covers the person’s nostril area on this kind of mask. Prongs that can fit within their nostrils may also be present. They may effortlessly put on their glasses while wearing this mask. It also works well if they have thick facial hair, which can make it difficult for a larger mask to fit tightly.
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Nasal mask
This kind is a padded mask that completely encloses the nose. If someone has a tendency to move around as they sleep, it might be a better choice. It’s capable of generating a strong airstream.
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Full mask
This kind covers the mouth and nose and has a triangle shape. If a patient has a nasal obstruction of some kind or breathes via their mouth while sleeping, a doctor might recommend this type of mask.
What Are the Pros of Using a CPAP Device?
The usage of a CPAP machine has advantages, similar to many other forms of therapies. The known advantages are listed below.
Benefits
The advantages of utilizing a CPAP machine are well known. As people sleep, these devices provide their bodies with an ongoing flow of oxygen. By doing thus, they aid in preventing the brief breathing pauses that characterize sleep apnea.
Long-term CPAP use often results in an increase in benefits such as:
- Increases capacity for sleep without awakening
- Reduces the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack, stroke, or other cardiovascular event
- Aids in reducing blood pressure
- Cuts down on daytime sleepiness
- May lower cholesterol and blood sugar levels
The Bottom Line
By injecting a stream of oxygenated air into the airways via a mask and tube, CPAP machines treat sleep apnea. As a result of the compressed air, airways don’t close up during sleep, allowing for uninterrupted breathing. BiPAP and APAP machines adjust the pressure in accordance with the user’s needs, unlike CPAP machines, which supply an airstream at a single constant pressure.
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