Power electronics systems require efficient and reliable power conversion. However, traditional transformers cannot handle unstable load conditions and exhibit poor regulation. The flyback transformer is a great solution as it supports energy storage and control mechanisms, ensuring reliable power supply designs across various industries.
According to Extrapolate, the flyback transformer market size was recorded at $4.9 billion in 2021 and is expected to reach a valuation of $8.4 billion by 2028, expanding at a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 12.6% over 2022-2028. So, let’s dive in and explore more of this unique transformer in this blog.
What is a Flyback Transformer?
Also referred to as a line output transformer (LOPT), a flyback transformer is a kind of electrical transformer mainly designed to produce high-voltage sawtooth signals at a relatively high frequency. These transformers are typically used in modern applications in switched-mode power supplies for both low (3 V) and high voltage (over 10 kV) supplies. They are suitable for both AC and DC applications.
How does a Flyback Transformer Work?
The LOPT works on a flyback process. The transformer is placed in an integrated circuit and is powered by the main switch. It consists of a primary, secondary, widened, and gapped ferrite core.
When the switch is on, DC passes through the primary winding, which generates primary inductance in the electrical flyback transformer circuit. This inductance is then stored in the inductive gap in the form of magnetic energy until it receives signals from the secondary winding.
The secondary winding is generally integrated with a diode that transfers current to an electronic device. Once the signal is received, this energy is directed to the electric device through the secondary winding and diode. This completes one cycle of the flyback principle in transformers.
Key Differences between a Flyback Transformer and a Normal Transformer
The table below represents the major differences between the flyback and normal transformers.
| Flyback Transformer | Normal Transformer |
| This transformer is designed to be excited using direct current (DC) voltage. | This transformer is powered by alternating current (AC) signals of the same frequency. |
| This transformer generates much higher voltages than a normal transformer. flyback transformer output voltage
ranges from a few volts to 20,000 volts. |
These transformers generate voltage output directly proportional to the turn ratio between the primary and secondary windings. |
| This transformer typically has a gapped core, which means there is a deliberate air gap in the core to prevent core saturation and store energy. | A normal transformer does not have a deliberate air gap in the core. |
3 Major Applications of Flyback Transformer
Below are the three key uses of LOPTs:
- Televisions: One of the most well-known applications of LOPT is in CRT televisions. The EHT transformer in CRTs supplies high voltage but less current, then converts it to DC using a power rectifier within the 25–30 kV range. Some modern TVs, like Sharp FBT TVs, flat slim TVs, and additional Sharp TV models, use flyback transformer pinouts to maintain compatibility with several types of TV circuits.
- Telecommunication Systems: LOPT plays a crucial role in power applications and electrical supply conversion in telecommunication systems. It provides a constant and reliable supply of electricity for communication devices.
- LED Fixtures: LOPT is used in LED fixtures for power conversion and voltage regulation. It allows a smooth flow of energy at the desired voltage and current, making them suitable for LED lighting applications.
Innovative Flyback Transformer Projects
At the academic level, for business purposes, students or engineers create several flyback transformer projects. These flyback transformer designs integrate various technologies and methodologies. Some recent project examples represented in this field are mentioned below.:
● Custom Plasma Speaker
In 2023, Jay Bowles, a YouTuber, showcased a Bluetooth plasma speaker using a 3D-printed secondary form of transformer design, Bluetooth, and a custom high-voltage AC flyback. He created an impressive spark with his first attempt, which arced through the printed plastic and released the critical magic smoke. After several interactions, the result was a LOPT that didn’t self-destruct. This transformer offers fair audio quality and delivers music through the air without the use of physical speakers.
● Tesla Coil
In 2023, some students from Midnapore City College, India, built Tesla coils using a LOPT to generate high-voltage, high-frequency electrical discharges. Tesla coils generate sparks of nearly 1 cm, allowing for easy discharge and wireless electricity transmission. The bulb lit up without a physical connection, with a moderate efficiency of 30–40%.
Bottom Line
The flyback transformer is a crucial component in various electronic devices, providing efficient power conversion and voltage regulation. Its unique design allows for energy storage and release, making it ideal for applications such as CRT displays, power supplies, and inverters. The LOPT’s versatility and reliability make it an indispensable element in modern electronic devices.
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